Framing

• Character Count
  • Insert PDU length as first character in the frame.

• Special Characters
  • Insert special characters at start and end of the frame (SOF, EOF characters, e.g... Data link escape (DLE) and End-of-text(EOT)).

• Insert special bit patterns, called "flags" at start and end of the
  • 01111110

• Symbol Stuffing

• Line Code Violations

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