/*
 * Program to experiment with simple exception throwing and catching
 */
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

const int DivideByZero = 0;
const int arrayWidth = 10;

// Create own class to output out_of_range exceptions. One benefit of
// providing own exception class is to generate more information that
// provided by the standard library class
class my_out_of_range : public out_of_range
{
public:
  // default empty message
  my_out_of_range(const string & message ="") : out_of_range(message.c_str())
  {  }
};

class safe_array
{
private:
  int array[arrayWidth];
public:
  void insert(int element, int pos){
    if(pos < 0 || pos >= arrayWidth)
      throw my_out_of_range("268: Index out of range");

    array[pos] = element;
  }
};

double safe_divide(int divident, int divisor) throw (int)
{
  if(divisor == 0)
    throw DivideByZero;
  else
    return divident/divisor;
}

int main()
{
  // Part 1: Throw and catch some exceptions
  try{
    //throw "Exception in main";
    throw 0;
    cout << "Execution after throwing exception\n";
  }
  catch(int i){
    cout << "Integer Exception caught in main: " << i << endl;
  }
  catch(char const *s){
    cout << "Exception caught in main: " << s << endl;
  }
  catch(...){
    cout << "Default exception in main\n";
  }
  cout << "Continue execution after exception in main\n";

  // Part 2: Catch exceptions from called functions
  try{
    double quotient = safe_divide(10, 2);
    cout << "10/2 = " << quotient << endl;
    quotient = safe_divide(10, 0);
    cout << "10/2 = " << quotient << endl;
  } catch(int i){
    cout << "Caught exception from safe_divide in main: ";
    if(i == DivideByZero)
      cout << "Divide by zero error\n";
  }

  // Part 3: Exception using the standard C++ library
  safe_array sArr;
  try{
    sArr.insert(100, 20);
  }
  /*catch(my_out_of_range &e){
    cout << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << endl;
    }
  // can catch a parent class
  catch(out_of_range &e){
    cout << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << endl;
    }*/
  /* All std C++ exception classes derive from exception. Any user-defined
     exception classes should also ideally derive from either "exeption" or
     classes derived from "exception". This is just so that anyone using our
     exception type does not need to know the exact "class-name" but can
     instead just catch "exception".*/
  catch(exception &e){
    cout << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << endl;
  }
  
  return 0;
}